ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the causes of secondary drug resistance among HIV infected persons who were receiving antiretroviral therapy in Shandong province,and provide evidence for the improvement of antiretroviral therapy strategy.Methods A case-control study was designed with 1 ∶ 2 matching on case and control groups.Household and face-to-face interview were conducted in October,2015.All the study subjects were screened from both the drug resistant database of antiretroviral therapy of Shandong provincial laboratory and national comprehensive HIV/AIDS database in Shandong.The sample size was estimated as 330 cases including 110 drug resistant and 220 non-drug resistant cases.Subjects were people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) aged 15 or older and received antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months with records of virus load (VL).Subjects who presented VL above 1 000 copies/ml would receive drug resistance testing.Subjects who were confirmed resistant to with secondary drug,were selected as case group,the rest subjects with non-secondary drug resistance would form the control group.EpiData 3.1 software and SPSS 22.0 software were used to establish a database.Related influencing factors were analyzed with non-conditional stepwise logistic regression model.Results A total of 288 cases were enrolled,including 103 in the case and 185 cases in the control groups,with average age as (37.62 ± 1.06) years and (37.90 ± 0.74)years old,respectively.Most of them were male,married/cohabitant,with education level of junior/senior high school or below and under Han nationality.Results from the multivariate logistic regression model showed that ORs (95％CI) of receiving antiretroviral therapy for 1-3 years,or more than 3 years were equal to 8,80 (3.69-21.00),3.00 (1.20-7.53),compared with receiving antiretroviral therapy less than one year,respectively.OR (95％ CI) of Among the PLWHA that with missing rate above 25.0％ on medication,the OR appeared as 15.41(4.59-51.71),compared with not missing medication.OR (95％ CI) among those who took the medicine themselves was 0.22 (0.07-0.74).Conclusions Factors as duration of treatment,missing rate on medication and taking medicine by oneself were of influence on secondary drug resistance.Other factors as duration on antiretroviral therapy longer than 1 year,missing rate above 25.0％ on medication,were related to the risk on secondary drug resistance.However,if the medicine was taken by oneself,it served as a protective factor for secondary drug resistance.It is necessary to strengthen the intervention and health education programs related to antiretroviral therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective This study aimed to understand the herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection and related factors among female drug abusers in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center of Shandong province and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HSV-2 in these settings.Methods We screened all of 451 female drug abusers in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation centers in of Shandong province and conducted a study using both questionnaire investigation and serological tests for HSV-2,HIV and syphilis.We also used EpiData 3.1 software to establish a database and SPSS 20.0 software to conduct the x2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 451 female drug abusers were under study.We noticed that the rates for HSV-2 infection,HIV infection and syphilis infection appeared as 72.1％ (325/451),2.2％ (10/451) and 33.5 ％ (151/451) respectively.Results from univariate analysis showed that factors as:awareness on AIDS,having temporary sex partner after using the drug,having multiple sex partners after using the drug,providing commercial services or having temporary sex practice before being detained,with syphilis infection etc.,were associated with HSV-2 infection.Data from the multivariate analysis showed that the OR (95％CI) value of HSV-2 infection was 2.90 (1.19-7.06) for those who providing commercial service,when comparing to those who did not.Compared to those who did not suffer from syphilis infection,the OR (95％CI) value of HSV-2 infection for those with syphilis infection was 2.75 (1.63-4.63).Conclusions The rate of HSV-2 infection was high in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center of Shandong province.We should enhance measures and promote condom use to prevent from HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted diseases among them.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the causes of secondary drug resistance among HIV infected persons who were receiving antiretroviral therapy in Shandong province,and provide evidence for the improvement of antiretroviral therapy strategy.Methods A case-control study was designed with 1 ∶ 2 matching on case and control groups.Household and face-to-face interview were conducted in October,2015.All the study subjects were screened from both the drug resistant database of antiretroviral therapy of Shandong provincial laboratory and national comprehensive HIV/AIDS database in Shandong.The sample size was estimated as 330 cases including 110 drug resistant and 220 non-drug resistant cases.Subjects were people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) aged 15 or older and received antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months with records of virus load (VL).Subjects who presented VL above 1 000 copies/ml would receive drug resistance testing.Subjects who were confirmed resistant to with secondary drug,were selected as case group,the rest subjects with non-secondary drug resistance would form the control group.EpiData 3.1 software and SPSS 22.0 software were used to establish a database.Related influencing factors were analyzed with non-conditional stepwise logistic regression model.Results A total of 288 cases were enrolled,including 103 in the case and 185 cases in the control groups,with average age as (37.62 ± 1.06) years and (37.90 ± 0.74)years old,respectively.Most of them were male,married/cohabitant,with education level of junior/senior high school or below and under Han nationality.Results from the multivariate logistic regression model showed that ORs (95％CI) of receiving antiretroviral therapy for 1-3 years,or more than 3 years were equal to 8,80 (3.69-21.00),3.00 (1.20-7.53),compared with receiving antiretroviral therapy less than one year,respectively.OR (95％ CI) of Among the PLWHA that with missing rate above 25.0％ on medication,the OR appeared as 15.41(4.59-51.71),compared with not missing medication.OR (95％ CI) among those who took the medicine themselves was 0.22 (0.07-0.74).Conclusions Factors as duration of treatment,missing rate on medication and taking medicine by oneself were of influence on secondary drug resistance.Other factors as duration on antiretroviral therapy longer than 1 year,missing rate above 25.0％ on medication,were related to the risk on secondary drug resistance.However,if the medicine was taken by oneself,it served as a protective factor for secondary drug resistance.It is necessary to strengthen the intervention and health education programs related to antiretroviral therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective This study aimed to understand the herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection and related factors among female drug abusers in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center of Shandong province and to provide reference for the prevention and control of HSV-2 in these settings.Methods We screened all of 451 female drug abusers in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation centers in of Shandong province and conducted a study using both questionnaire investigation and serological tests for HSV-2,HIV and syphilis.We also used EpiData 3.1 software to establish a database and SPSS 20.0 software to conduct the x2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 451 female drug abusers were under study.We noticed that the rates for HSV-2 infection,HIV infection and syphilis infection appeared as 72.1％ (325/451),2.2％ (10/451) and 33.5 ％ (151/451) respectively.Results from univariate analysis showed that factors as:awareness on AIDS,having temporary sex partner after using the drug,having multiple sex partners after using the drug,providing commercial services or having temporary sex practice before being detained,with syphilis infection etc.,were associated with HSV-2 infection.Data from the multivariate analysis showed that the OR (95％CI) value of HSV-2 infection was 2.90 (1.19-7.06) for those who providing commercial service,when comparing to those who did not.Compared to those who did not suffer from syphilis infection,the OR (95％CI) value of HSV-2 infection for those with syphilis infection was 2.75 (1.63-4.63).Conclusions The rate of HSV-2 infection was high in the women's compulsory drug rehabilitation center of Shandong province.We should enhance measures and promote condom use to prevent from HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted diseases among them.